This Book is divided into three parts namely, i) textual part, ii) idea about project work, and ill) sample question papers. It is very difficult to present a subject like law before the students of class XI, still an attempt has been taken to present before the specific readers, maintaining strictly the syllabus prescribed by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations. (CISCE), New Delhi. Textual part is divided into seven chapters and it contains 70 marks. First chapter deals with the historical evolution of the Indian legal system, where it is shown that even in ancient India, law existed in the name of dharma. It shows how law was working in medieval India and the way in which various components were included in law with the passage of time. How, during the British regime, was an influx of English law in India and how it gradually mixed up with the Indian primitive laws and ultimately Indianised with the help of the Constituent Assembly. Second chapter describes the law and jurisprudence in brief, understanding civil and criminal law; different facets of the term constitution; and international community of nations. Third chapter is about the concept of legal personality, reading which will definitely change our so-called notion about person. It gives the idea about natural person and artificial (legal) person, capacity of holding legal rights and duties; partnership- meaning, relations of partners inter-se, registration and dissolution; company memorandum of association and article of association, perpetual succession and other characteristics, private and public company. Fourth chapter deals with criminal law and procedure; difference between substantive and procedural/adjective law; the most prevalent criminal justice administration. systems in the world adversarial and inquisitorial; hierarchy of criminal courts; Indian penal code (IPC) and kinds of offences; offenc-es against women, offence against property in Indian penal code; juvenile justice act- definitions and a few provisions. Fifth chapter illustrates the concept of civil law and procedure; codified and un-codified law, law of torts, contract; specific relief act, consumer protection act, general civil procedure; institution of a civil suit, territorial, pecuniary and subject-matter jurisdictions; injunctions; summary suits; order and decree passed in a civil suit, judgement; plaint and written statement; and hierarchy of civil courts. Sixth chapter is all about the family law; connotations of marriage; ceremonies of marriage; void and voidable marriage; restitution of conjugal rights and judicial separation; meaning of divorce; maintenance in husband wife relationship; adoption of a child; and violence against women. Seventh chapter narrates few of the fundamental rights; classification of fundamental rights; fundamental rights available against state and not against private individuals; Article 12-state, Article 13(2)-judicial review, extended horizons of Article 21; right to constitutional remedies; and restriction on the exercise of fundamental rights. Second part of this book deals with project work, which contains 30 marks. Students are expected to undertake two studies of 15 Marks each from the list of 12 suggested studies for Project Work as provided by the Council (CISCE). A brief outline has been given about all the suggested topics. Students are requested to take ideas from the book, elaborate them and prepare the project in the prescribed format of the Council. Finally, 12 sets of sample question papers based on class XI syllabus of legal studies are given for the benefit of students, through which they can judge themselves. This is the initial stage. In class XII, students will know about another areas of legal studies. Then further degrees like L.L.B. /B.A.LL.B./B.A.L.L.B. (Hons.) and LLM will come where students will learn more and more about the beauty of law and legal studies. Law is not only a subject but also an integral part of our day to-day life. Lots of employment avenues and/or opportunities are now available in this academic world where successful law students will be our future Advocates, Judges, Corporate Lawyers, Law Teachers, Law Officers and many more law professionals within and outside the country.
Legal Studies (Class-XI) ISC
Prof. Prasenjit Deb