The history of Indian education is also the history of Indian civilization. The place of education and its role in the framework of the development and changes taking place in the Indian society are also seen to be continuously evolving. After the public system of education between the Sutra period and the Lokayata period, we see the education of the Buddhist period being continuously filled with physical and social commitment. During the Buddhist period, women and Shutras were also included in the mainstream of education. The education system that was created in ancient India was advanced and better than the education system of the contemporary world, but with time the Indian education system declined. The foreigners did not develop the education system here in the proportion it should have. Indian education had to face many challenges and problems during its transition period. Even today these challenges and problems are in front of us and we have to deal with them.